While beer doesn't have to contain hops, almost all do. Hops are simply the balancing element that keeps beer from being to sweet to drink. Today, hops are very popilar as the primary flavor element, as in IPA-style beers, but the sweetness of the malted grains used to make beer requires something to even it out. Hops are not the only thing you can do this with. Ancient Scottish ales used everything from seaweed to Gooseberries to pine needles. Old English ales used Deadly Nightshade (!) But hops are the worldwide standard, now, and they grow in a wide variety of species, all of which have their own, distinct flavor characteristics.
I'm guessing the reason for this question is prompted by trying to pick out the hops in a pint of one of our generic BudMillerCoorsPabst domestic mass-produced lagers, all of which use only scant hopping to target that mild, inoffensive, rather wimpy range of flavors that make them ideal for drinking mindlessly. In these pilsners, the hops really ARE for nothing but balance and, as in the case of most of them - especially Pabst - the sweetness of the malts is far less tamped down by the hops. Pabst is, to me, almost sickly sweet. If you examine most of these beers, you'll find that the hops are only really detectable - despite their commercials with gloved hands lovingly caressing fresh hops - with effort. And the hops they use are NEVER fresh. They're ground and formed into pellets, packed in 50 lb. bags, and sold like cattle feed. Their flavor is very muted compared to fresh, which is a LOT more expensive.
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