Which does rotation cause night and day or the seasons?

No. The seasons are caused by the orbiting of the Earth around the Sun, as well as the tilting of the Earth's axis. When the Earth is farthest away from the Sun (at its aphelion), that is when the some parts on Earth, like the north will get cold. On the other hand, when the Earth is at it's closest to the Sun (perihelion), that is when the Earth is cooler.

However, the Earth is closer to the Sun in January (to be precise, 4th of January), but still very cold. The answer is January is the coldest month of the year in most areas of the Northern Hemisphere, because the sun's angle is at its lowest during the month as a whole. In addition, there is no sun at all above the Arctic Circle and does not allow any warmth from the sun at all. Hence, it gets colder and colder there. Now, these air masses regularly come down into the south and bring with them colder and colder temperatures.