Can a sting from a child of the earth kill a human?

No, this is a common myth, but a potato bug sting is not venomous.

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This question can be confusing because there are at least two critters known as "Child of the Earth". One is a large arachnid that is also called a Windscorpion and the other is a cricket known as a Potato Bug or Jerusalem Cricket. Neither has a stinger, but both can bite. The bites are non-venomous, though bites can become infected.