What is the pathology of sperm?

The pathology of sperm refers to abnormalities in sperm structure, function, and production that can affect male fertility. Common sperm pathologies include oligospermia (low sperm count), asthenozoospermia (reduced sperm motility), teratozoospermia (abnormal sperm morphology), and azoospermia (absence of sperm). These conditions can result from various factors, including hormonal imbalances, genetic issues, infections, or environmental exposures. Evaluating sperm pathology typically involves a semen analysis to assess these parameters.