Why does Congress conduct business mainly in committees?

Just like in business, committees are often formed to look into a specific problem or research a particular issue. Committees are usually made up of people with expertise in the subject, and they are given the time to focus exclusively on it. The members meet, come to some conclusion, and eventually report their findings. Congress will then use the committee's information to decide whether to take some action.

Sometimes, the results of a committee's findings can lead to legislation, as congress votes on a bill that tries to remedy the problem or resolve the issue. But at other times, the committee's findings do not result in new laws; after discussions and debates, congress may decide not to pursue the matter any further, and the committee's report is filed for future reference, in case the subject comes up again.

Proposed legislation is sent to the appropriate standing committee for review. Most bills die here. Only the most promising ones actually come to the floor for discussion and a vote.