Can fertilization occur anytime during a menstrual cycle?

Fertilization can only occur during a specific window around ovulation, which typically happens approximately 14 days before the start of the next menstrual period. Sperm can survive in a woman's reproductive tract for up to five days, so if intercourse occurs in the days leading up to ovulation, fertilization is possible. However, outside of this fertile window, the chances of fertilization are significantly lower.