Cacti have several adaptations that enable them to survive in arid environments with minimal rainfall. They possess thick, waxy skin that reduces water loss and spines that provide shade while minimizing air flow around the plant. Cacti also have shallow, widespread root systems to quickly absorb any available moisture and can store water in their fleshy tissues for use during prolonged dry periods. Additionally, many cacti use a specialized photosynthesis process called CAM (Crassulacean Acid Metabolism) that allows them to open their stomata at night to reduce water loss.
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