How many people were killed during partition?

During the partition of India in 1947, estimates suggest that between 1 to 2 million people were killed. The violence resulted from communal riots and mass migrations as millions of Hindus, Muslims, and Sikhs moved across the newly drawn borders. Additionally, the partition displaced approximately 15 million people, leading to widespread suffering and trauma. The exact number of casualties remains uncertain due to the chaos and lack of reliable records during that tumultuous period.