Can missionaries collect unemployment

In most places, no. Even if they legally could receive unemployment, in most cases it would be unethical for them to do so. Missionaries are typically supported by some sort of organization. Many missionaries are not technically employed, but they do receive donations and support from a church, ministry, or charity. Also, missionaries are voluntarily unemployed, and unemployment benefits are generally reserved for those who have been laid off or who are unable to work due to disability.