Some ways of converting data into information?

The terms data and information are often used synonymously. However, many people see the distinction that data is some set of raw, unprocessed facts while information is the result of processing data and making it usable.

Since each set of data will be converted into a unique form of information, there is no general way of describing how to make this conversion.

Some examples:

A radar gun, used by law enforcement, will gather data in the form of a series of timings for how long it takes an infrared beam to bounce off of a target and return to the gun. This raw data is processed and results in information about how fast the target is moving.

Sports professionals are rated based on how well they play. In this case, raw data can itself be used as information (number of RBIs, number of rushing yards, number of goals stopped, etc.) or multiple separate sets of data can be combined to form a more generic listing of the best players.