What are the scope and limitations of welding?

Welding is a versatile fabrication process used to join materials, primarily metals, through the application of heat and pressure. Its scope includes various techniques such as arc, MIG, TIG, and resistance welding, applicable in industries like construction, automotive, and aerospace. However, limitations include the requirement for skilled labor, potential for defects like cracks or porosity, and restrictions on the types of materials that can be effectively welded together. Additionally, welding may produce residual stresses and can be unsuitable for certain applications where the integrity of the base material must remain intact.