How much money did Germany borrow in world war 1 and from who?

During World War I, Germany borrowed approximately 150 billion marks (around $37 billion at the time) to finance its war efforts. The borrowing primarily came from domestic sources, including German banks and the public, through war bonds. Additionally, Germany received loans from foreign nations, including the United States, which was significant before the U.S. entered the war in 1917. This massive debt contributed to the country's economic struggles in the post-war years.