How long did Spain rule Peru?

Spain ruled Peru for nearly three centuries, from the Spanish conquest in the 1530s until Peru's Declaration of Independence in 1821. The formal establishment of Spanish colonial rule began with the founding of the Viceroyalty of Peru in 1542. Despite ongoing resistance and various uprisings, Spanish control persisted until the early 19th century, when independence movements gained momentum. Peru officially achieved independence from Spain in 1824.