How do leguminous plants help in maintaining soil fertility?

Leguminous plants, such as peas, beans, and clovers, enhance soil fertility primarily through a process called nitrogen fixation. They host symbiotic bacteria in their root nodules, which convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form that plants can use. This enriches the soil with essential nutrients, particularly nitrogen, improving its overall fertility. Additionally, when leguminous plants decompose, they contribute organic matter, further enhancing soil structure and nutrient content.