The parasympathetic nervous system plays a role in regulating the activity of the arrector pili muscles, which are attached to hair follicles at the base. When stimulated, these muscles contract, causing the hair to stand upright, a response known as piloerection. This mechanism is often associated with emotional responses such as fear or cold, although the primary control is through the sympathetic nervous system. The parasympathetic system generally promotes relaxation and does not directly influence hair follicle activity.
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