Is there archaeological evidence for the wise men of Matthew's Gospel?

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1210586

2026-04-24 17:35

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The author of Matthew's Gospel did not use the term 'wise men', he said that magi followed a star from the east. The magi were priests of the Zoroastrian religion which the Jews had encountered during the Babylonian Exile. While there is plenty of evidence that the magi certainly existed, and were often known throughout the ancient Near East as "wise men" because of their learning, there is no evidence that any magi ever really visited Jesus. Moreover, there is no scientific explanation for a star to lead the wise men westward to Jerusalem, then south-east to Bethlehem and somehow point to the exact house in which Jesus was born. Stars just can not do that.

John Shelby Spong (A Bishop Rethinks the Birth of Jesus) says that among people he knows in New Testament circles, the universal assumption is that Matthew's magi, or wise men, were not actual people. He says that Matthew was writing Christian midrash.

In more recent times, the Zoroastrian connection became less important, and the priests began to be called wise men, or sometimes "three kings". Historically, the wise men were a literary fiction.

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