What of the following is not a reason that women have traditionally received less pay for doing the same work as men?

One reason that women have traditionally received less pay for doing the same work as men is not necessarily due to a lack of qualifications or skills, as many women are equally or more qualified than their male counterparts. Instead, factors such as systemic gender discrimination, societal norms, and unequal opportunities for advancement have historically contributed to wage disparities. Additionally, the undervaluation of roles predominantly held by women has perpetuated this issue.