When was rehabilitation first used in the prison system?

Rehabilitation as a formal concept in the prison system began to take shape in the early 19th century, particularly with the establishment of the Pennsylvania system in 1829, which emphasized solitary confinement and reflection for reform. This approach was contrasted by the Auburn system, implemented in New York around the same time, which focused on group work and discipline. Over the years, rehabilitation evolved into various programs aimed at reforming offenders, reflecting a shift from punishment to a focus on reintegration into society.