Why did chief Joseph finally surrender?

Chief Joseph ultimately surrendered in October 1877 after a long and exhausting retreat of over 1,000 miles with his Nez Perce tribe, who were trying to escape from U.S. troops. Faced with dwindling supplies, severe hardships, and the loss of many warriors, he recognized that further resistance would lead to more suffering for his people. In his poignant surrender speech, he expressed deep sorrow over the loss of his people and the futility of their struggle, emphasizing his desire for peace.