Which of the provisions can be amended without ratification by half of the state legislatures?

Provisions in the U.S. Constitution that can be amended without ratification by three-fourths of state legislatures include those pertaining to the structure and procedures of Congress, such as the way Congress operates and its internal rules. However, the amendment process itself, outlined in Article V, requires significant consensus, meaning that most substantive changes will still need broad approval from state legislatures or conventions. Additionally, the Constitution prohibits amendments that would affect the equal representation of states in the Senate without the consent of those states.