How to calculate the Gini coefficient for income distribution?

To calculate the Gini coefficient for income distribution, you need to plot a Lorenz curve showing the cumulative share of income against the cumulative share of the population. The Gini coefficient is then calculated as the area between the Lorenz curve and the line of perfect equality, divided by the total area under the line of perfect equality. The Gini coefficient ranges from 0 (perfect equality) to 1 (perfect inequality).