Why must astronomers use satellites and Earth orbiting observatories?

Astronomers use satellites and Earth-orbiting observatories to avoid the distortion and absorption of light caused by Earth's atmosphere, which can limit the clarity and detail of astronomical observations. These platforms also provide a stable environment for instruments that can detect various wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, including ultraviolet, X-rays, and infrared, which are often blocked by the atmosphere. Additionally, they allow for continuous observation of celestial objects without the interruptions caused by day-night cycles and weather conditions on Earth. Overall, these advantages enable more precise and comprehensive studies of the universe.