Actium, 31BC - Octavian defeated Mark Antony. After the assassination of Julius Caesar, they both allied to take revenge (Philippi, 42BC), but later on they opposed, especially, when Antony fell in love with Cleopatra (VII), and had sons with her. Rome was afraid that an Egyptian heir jeopardized their throne. In 27BC, Octavian became the first emperor (he did not use this title
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