In 1890, the U.S. Congress passed the McKinley Tariff, which eliminated the duty-free status of Hawaiian sugar imports, significantly harming the Hawaiian economy. This led to increased pressure for annexation by the United States, as many American sugar planters sought to protect their interests. The political climate in Hawaii shifted, culminating in the overthrow of Queen Liliuokalani in 1893, which paved the way for Hawaii's eventual annexation by the U.S. in 1898.
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