How is characterization and irony connected to the theme in A Rose for Emily?

Characterization and irony are connected to the theme in "A Rose for Emily" by highlighting the complexities of human nature and society. The characterization of Emily as a reclusive and eccentric figure serves to underscore the theme of isolation and decay in the face of changing times, while the ironic twists in the plot reveal the consequences of denying reality and clinging to the past. Together, these elements contribute to Faulkner's exploration of themes such as tradition, control, and the inevitability of change.