If the results of a study do not support the hypothesis does that mean that the experiment has failed?

Not necessarily, since the experiment may give important insight into how things work. One of the most interesting examples of this is the "failed" Michelson-Morley experiment, which failed to produce the expected result of different speeds (for a ray of light), expected due to the movement of Earth through a hypothetical "ether". This eventually led to the Theory of Relativity.