Why did Jefferson order Madison not to deliver the commission?

Thomas Jefferson ordered James Madison not to deliver the commission to William Marbury as part of a broader political strategy to avoid strengthening the Federalist Party, which had appointed Marbury as a justice of the peace. Jefferson believed that Marbury's appointment was politically motivated and that delivering the commission would undermine his administration's efforts to consolidate power and promote his Democratic-Republican agenda. Additionally, Jefferson was concerned about the implications of judicial appointments made by his predecessor, John Adams, and sought to limit the influence of Federalist judges. This decision ultimately led to the landmark Supreme Court case Marbury v. Madison, which established the principle of judicial review.