What type of tests are designed to access specific information that is taught and hopefully learned at school?

Tests designed to assess specific information taught and learned in school are typically called formative or summative assessments. Formative assessments, such as quizzes and classwork, gauge student understanding during the learning process, while summative assessments, like final exams or standardized tests, evaluate what students have learned at the end of an instructional period. Both types aim to measure knowledge retention and comprehension of the curriculum.