Why is charcoal used in purification of water?

Charcoal, particularly activated charcoal, is used in water purification due to its highly porous structure, which provides a large surface area for adsorption. This allows it to effectively trap contaminants, including organic compounds, chlorine, and some heavy metals, thereby improving water quality. Additionally, activated charcoal can help remove odors and improve taste, making it a popular choice in filtration systems. Its ability to adsorb impurities enhances the overall safety and palatability of drinking water.