Why does your hand look as if it is cut off from your arm while under water?

When your hand is submerged in water, the refraction of light causes it to appear distorted. The bending of light at the water's surface can create an optical illusion, making it seem like your hand is separate from your arm. This effect is enhanced by the contrast between the water and your skin, which can obscure the visual connection between your hand and arm. Additionally, the rippling surface of the water can further distort the image, contributing to the illusion.