Which method of archaeological dating determines an artifact's age in relation to other objects?

Dating using the isotope carbon-14.

Carbon-14 dating is considered an "absolute" dating method as it will give a quantitative age (plus or minus an error). Relative dating techniques are typically based around the law of superposition which in an archaeological context broadly states that objects are buried by sediment in relation to their age whereby the older an object, the deeper it is buried.

This form of ageing allows you to state that one object is older or younger than another, but not by how much or the actual age of either object, hence relative dating!

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