How does Alaska pipeline work?

The Alaska Pipeline, officially known as the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS), transports crude oil from the North Slope of Alaska to the port of Valdez. The pipeline spans approximately 800 miles and utilizes a combination of gravity and pumps to move the oil through insulated pipes, which are elevated in sections to prevent permafrost melting. To maintain efficiency and prevent freezing, the oil is heated before entering the pipeline. Additionally, the system includes numerous stations for monitoring and controlling the flow, as well as for safety and maintenance purposes.