To make a pure sample of silicon, one common method is the metallurgical process, which involves heating silicon dioxide (SiO2) with carbon in an electric arc furnace to produce metallurgical-grade silicon (MG-Si). This MG-Si can then be purified further through the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, where it is reacted with hydrogen chloride to form trichlorosilane (SiHCl3), which is then distilled and reduced to produce high-purity silicon. Another approach is the Siemens process, which involves the deposition of silicon from trichlorosilane onto heated silicon rods, resulting in highly pure silicon.
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