Which changes in matter can produce an atom different from the original?

Changes in matter that can produce a different atom from the original include nuclear reactions, such as fusion and fission. In these processes, the nucleus of an atom is altered, leading to the formation of a new element. For example, during beta decay, a neutron can transform into a proton, changing the element into a different one on the Periodic Table. Additionally, nuclear transmutation, which can occur in particle accelerators, can also result in the creation of new atoms.