Why are post-mining sites likely to be home to invasive botanical species?

Post-mining sites often experience significant soil disturbance and loss of native vegetation, creating ideal conditions for invasive botanical species to thrive. These invasive species can quickly colonize disturbed areas due to their adaptability and competitive growth characteristics, often outcompeting native flora. Additionally, the lack of established plant communities and soil health in these sites can further facilitate the spread of invasives, making restoration efforts more challenging.