What effects did industrialization have in third world countries?

In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, Great Britain experienced a massive increase in agricultural productivity known as the British_Agricultural_Revolution, which enabled an unprecedented Population_growth, freeing a significant percentage of the workforce from farming, and helping to drive the Industrial_Revolution.

Due to the limited amount of arable land and the overwhelming efficiency of Mechanizationfarming, the increased population could not be dedicated to agriculture. New agricultural techniques allowed a single Peasantto feed more Workerthan previously; however, these techniques also increased the demand for Machineand other Hardware, which had traditionally been provided by the Urban_areaArtisan. Artisans, collectively called Bourgeoisie, employed RuralHuman_migrationworkers to increase their output and meet the country's needs.

The growth of their Businesscoupled with the lack of experience of the new workers pushed a Rationalization_(economics) and Standardizationof the duties the in Workshop, thus leading to a Division_of_labour, that is, a primitive form of Fordism. The process of creating a Good_(economics_and_accounting) was divided into simple tasks, each one of them being gradually mechanized in order to boost Productivityand thus increase Income.

The accumulation of Capital_(economics) allowed Investmentin the Scientific_research, enabling the industrialisation process to continue to evolve. The industrialisation process formed a class of industrial workers who had more money to spend than their agricultural cousins. They spent this on items such as tobacco and sugar; creating new mass markets which stimulated more investment as merchants sought to exploit them.Answers.com

The mechanisation of production spread to the countries surrounding England in Western_Europeand Northern_Europeand to British Settler_colonialism, helping to make those areas the wealthiest, and shaping what is now known as the Western_world.

Some economic historians argue that the possession of so-called 'exploitation colonies' eased the accumulation of capital to the countries that possessed them, speeding up their Economic_development. The consequence was that the Colonyintegrated a bigger Economic_systemin a subaltern position, emulating the countryside which demands manufactured goods and offers raw materials, while the Metropolestressed its urban posture, providing goods and importing food. A classical example of this mechanism is said to be the Triangular_trade, which involved England, southern United States and western Africa. Critics argue that this polarity still affects the world, and has deeply retarded the industrialisation of what is now known as the Third_World.

Some have stressed the importance of natural or financial resources that Britain received from its many overseas colonies or that profits from the British Slave_tradebetween Africa and the Caribbean helped fuel industrial investment.

After the Convention_of_Kanagawa, which was issued by Commodore Matthew_C._Perry, had forced Japan to open the ports of Shimoda and Hakodate to American trade, the Japanese government realised that drastic reforms were necessary in order to stave off Western influence. The Bakumatsuabolished the Feudalism. The government instituted military reforms to modernise the Japanese army and also constructed the base for industrialisation. In the 1870s, the Meiji_periodgovernment vigorously promoted technological and industrial development which eventually brought Japan to become a Regional_powermodern country.

In a similar way, Russia suffered during the Allied_intervention_in_the_Russian_Civil_War. The Soviet_Union'sPlanned_economydecided to invest a big part of its resources to enhance its industrial production and Infrastructurein order to assure its own survival, thus becoming a world Superpower.Answers.com

During the Cold_war, the other Eastern_Bloc, organised under the Comeconframework, followed the same developing scheme, albeit with a less emphasis on Heavy_industry.

Spanish_miraclesaw a moderate industrialisation during the 1950s-1990s, caused by a healthy integration of the Economy_of_Europe, though their level of development, as well as those of eastern countries, doesn't match the western standards.Answers.comAnswers.com