Why do plants live near the surface of the sea?

Plants, particularly marine vegetation like seagrasses and algae, thrive near the sea surface because these areas receive ample sunlight, which is essential for photosynthesis. Sunlight penetration decreases with depth, limiting the ability of plants to convert light into energy. Additionally, surface waters are often nutrient-rich due to the mixing of currents and proximity to land, providing the necessary resources for growth. These conditions create an ideal environment for plant life, supporting diverse marine ecosystems.