What are two main categories of technology that humans use to explore space?

Two main categories of technology used for space exploration are spacecraft and ground-based telescopes. Spacecraft, including satellites, rovers, and crewed missions, are designed to travel beyond Earth's atmosphere to gather data, conduct experiments, and explore celestial bodies. Ground-based telescopes, on the other hand, allow scientists to observe distant stars, galaxies, and other astronomical phenomena from Earth, enhancing our understanding of the universe without leaving our planet.