What is a bubble cap tray?

A bubble cap tray is a type of internals used in distillation columns to facilitate vapor-liquid contact. It consists of a series of perforated plates, each featuring upward-facing caps that create bubble-like formations as vapor passes through the liquid on the tray. This design enhances mass transfer by promoting better mixing between the vapor and liquid phases, improving the efficiency of the separation process. Bubble cap trays are commonly used in industrial applications such as petrochemical refining and chemical processing.