Where does mutual exclusion problem occurs?

The mutual exclusion problem occurs in concurrent computing environments where multiple processes or threads need to access shared resources, such as variables, files, or devices, without causing conflicts. It is essential in scenariOS like operating systems, database systems, and multi-threaded applications to prevent race conditions, data inconsistency, or deadlocks. Implementing mutual exclusion ensures that only one process can access a shared resource at any given time, maintaining data integrity and system stability.