Why are some rocky coast (with fjords) so steep?

Some rocky coasts with fjords are steep due to the processes of glacial erosion and tectonic activity. Glaciers carve deep troughs into the landscape as they move, creating steep-sided fjords when they retreat and the sea floods these valleys. Additionally, tectonic forces can uplift coastal regions, leading to steep cliffs. The combination of these geological processes results in the dramatic, rugged topography characteristic of fjord landscapes.