What is Merton's theory?

Merton's theory, often referred to as Strain Theory, posits that societal structures can pressure individuals to commit deviant acts when they cannot achieve culturally approved goals through legitimate means. Merton identified five modes of individual adaptation: conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatism, and rebellion. This framework explains how social inequality and blocked opportunities can lead to criminal behavior as individuals seek alternative methods to fulfill their aspirations. Overall, it highlights the relationship between social structure and individual behavior in the context of deviance.