Who were the three dominant European powers in the 1500s?

In the 1500s, the three dominant European powers were Spain, France, and the Holy Roman Empire. Spain emerged as a global superpower following its conquests in the Americas and its vast wealth from gold and silver. France was influential in European politics and culture, while the Holy Roman Empire, though fragmented, played a significant role in Central European affairs and was a major player in the Protestant Reformation. These powers shaped the political landscape of Europe during the Renaissance.