What are the characteristics of transfusion related acute lung injury?

Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is characterized by the sudden onset of respiratory distress and hypoxemia within six hours of blood transfusion. It typically presents with bilateral pulmonary infiltrates on chest imaging and is often accompanied by fever, hypotension, and tachycardia. TRALI is thought to result from an immune response to transfused leukocyte antibodies, leading to increased vascular permeability and pulmonary edema. Diagnosis is primarily clinical, and supportive care is the mainstay of treatment.