Why the piston head melt?

A piston head can melt due to excessive heat generated by factors such as pre-ignition, detonation, or insufficient cooling. Overheating can occur if the air-fuel mixture burns too rapidly or if the engine runs too lean. Additionally, poor lubrication can lead to increased friction, further raising temperatures. When the piston exceeds its material limits, it can begin to melt or warp, compromising engine performance.