Describe the United Nations plan for partitioning the region of Palestine into a Palestinian State and a Jewish state?

Most people incorrectly believe that the UN Resolution "created" a Jewish State (Israel) and an Arab State (Palestine) on the map. This is not the case. What UN Resolution 181 does provide for is the permission for the different ethno-religious groups in Mandatory Palestine to declare a state. In the case of most mandates, the understanding was that the mandate would eventually become independent as one new state, like Iraq or Syria had. The case of a Palestine was therefore unique and needed the permission to deviate from the traditional path of independence. Because of their being two states, provisional borders had to be provided, which is why a map was used, but those borders would only come into play if both sides decided to remain at peace.