What countries pulled out of ww1?

Several countries withdrew from World War I, most notably Russia, which signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany in March 1918 following the Bolshevik Revolution. Additionally, Bulgaria, the Ottoman Empire, and Austria-Hungary also exited the war as they faced military defeats and internal strife. These withdrawals significantly altered the dynamics of the conflict, contributing to the eventual outcome of the war.