In the 1930s, four major countries that turned to totalitarian dictatorships were Germany, Italy, the Soviet Union, and Spain. Germany was led by Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party, while Benito Mussolini established a fascist regime in Italy. In the Soviet Union, Joseph Stalin solidified his totalitarian rule, and Spain experienced a civil war that resulted in Francisco Franco's dictatorship. Each of these regimes suppressed dissent and promoted state control over various aspects of life.
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