How does tuberculosis shorten lifespan?

Tuberculosis (TB) shortens lifespan primarily by causing severe damage to the lungs and other organs, leading to respiratory failure and systemic complications. The infection can result in chronic health issues, such as reduced lung capacity and increased susceptibility to other diseases. Additionally, TB can cause significant weight loss and malnutrition, further weakening the immune system. If left untreated, TB can lead to life-threatening conditions, ultimately decreasing life expectancy.