The Spanish, led by Francisco Pizarro, defeated the Inca Empire with a relatively small force of around 168 men. Despite being outnumbered, they leveraged superior weaponry, cavalry, and strategic alliances with rival indigenous groups, along with the element of surprise. The capture of the Inca emperor Atahualpa during the Battle of Cajamarca in 1532 played a crucial role in their victory, leading to the rapid decline of Inca resistance.
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